How we research

Labels, food choice and health

We compare published labels, nutritional adequacy statements, manufacturer information and established veterinary nutrition guidance. An ingredient list or editorial grade cannot prove digestibility, safety or suitability for an individual dog. We do not conduct feeding trials or provide veterinary diagnoses. Ask your veterinarian about allergies, illness and therapeutic diets. Cost examples use the dog weight, calorie target, bag size and price stated in each article; they are not a universal feeding recommendation.

Research with sources you can inspect

Our articles compare published research, original reviews and official documentation. We attribute original tests and observations to their sources. We do not claim personal testing, interviews or professional credentials that we cannot document.

Source selection

Use primary documentation for specifications, rules and official guidance, and original independent reviews for reported experience. Two copies of the same report count as one source. Search snippets and another AI's answer are leads, not evidence. Sources must support the specific model, claim and date in the article.

Agreement is useful; disagreement matters too

Compare the methods and circumstances behind differing findings. Explain uncertainty rather than hiding it behind a precise score. A research-based recommendation is an editorial inference from the cited evidence, not a promise that every reader will get the same result.

Checks and corrections

The publishing workflow fetches sources, proposes corrections, checks the revised article against the source text, and holds changes that fail validation. An automated check can still miss mistakes. Each research note identifies its check date, supporting sources and limitations. A source list alone does not prove every sentence is correct.

Images and commercial links

Generated images are labelled illustrations. They are not evidence that a product was tested or a recipe cooked. Recommendations must be justified independently of commissions. Affiliate relationships are disclosed near links and in our disclosure.